The Anatomy and Actions of the Knee Essay -- essays research papers

The genu critical point is formed by the union of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is lonesome(prenominal) involved to the extent that it serves as an appendix site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed. The stifle is a hinge-type, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint. Also referred to as a synovial joint, the 2 articulating ends of bone atomic number 18 encased in a capsule that lubricates the joint with synovial fluid to reduce friction.Each bone in a synovial joint has articular cartilage at the articulating surface. The C-shaped medial and sidelong menisci serve to deepen the articulation at the superior surface of the tibia, indeed enhancing the bony stability of the joint.Also adding to the joints stability are the two major pairs of ligaments the cruciforms and the col squint-eyeds. The medial and sidelong collateral ligaments have a stabilizing movement in a lateral plane of mot ion, helping to prevent sideward displacement and over-rotation. The medial collateral attaches the femur to the tibia, also attaching to the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral attaches the femur to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs, allowing medial and lateral rotation to take place.The cruciate ligaments are so named because of their cross-configuration within the joint. The anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia on its anterior-superior surface, crossing through the joint from the medial side to its lateral attachment on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches on the posterior-superior aspect of the tibia, crossing diagonally and medially to its lateral attachment on the femur. The anterior and posterior cruciates encourage agai nst hyperextension and hyperflexion, respectively.The actions performed at the knee include flexion, extension, and medial and lateral rotation.Flexion is the deform of a joint so that the angle between the two swot up decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group together with known as hamstrings. The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,... ...gLinea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femurInsert kneepan and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosityActionExtension of knee lookFemoralVASTUS INTERMEDIUSOrigAnterior and lateral femoral shaftInsert kneepan and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosityActionExtension of the kneeNerveFemoralVASTUS MEDIALISOrigLinea aspera on posterior femurInsertPatella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosityActionExtension of kneeNerveFemoralTENSOR FASCIA LATAOrigIliac crest (posterior to ASIS)InsertIliotibial bundl e (which continues to attach to the lateral condyle of the tibia)Assists extension of kneeNerveSuperior gluteal