Plato Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plato - Assignment ExamplePlatos thoughts and theories have been used to teach many subjects, from religion to mathematics.Platos dialogues, in which he addressed most all controversial philosophical topics of his time, have become the bread and butter of modern philosophers. The dialogues contain vituperative and thought-provoking analyses of intricate subjects, some of which were considered untouchable at the time. However, the application of the dialogues is not restricted to philosophy (Pojman and Vaughn 34). each normal person can use the thoughts they contain to develop or enhance critical cerebration skills and to gain a clear perspective of life. For instance, the Apology, the Symposium, the Cratylus, and the Phaedrus can be used to improve students critical mentation capacities and encourage them to consider philosophy as a crucial aspect of life. Platos teachings embody the triumphs of the world race in trying to harness the power of the mind (Pojman and Vaughn 26). T hey also represent the endless possibilities and capacities of gentlemans gentleman intellect, and encourage us to question and debate everything around

The Romantic Period Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The sentimentalist Period - Research Paper ExampleAccording to the research The Romantic Period findings, romanticisticism and the industrial Revolution deeply resemble each another(prenominal) both in their temporal boundaries and in their concerns.The romantic period is often said to have begun with a publishing event (the publication in 1798 of melodious Ballads and closed with a political event (the passage in 1832 of the Reform Bill) (Haywood & Leader 2). This conjunction is symptomatic of romantic studies tendency to define romanticism as the intersection of an array of particular literary qualities (a trip in poetic diction, a concentration on the figure of the poet, a foregrounding of natural scenes, and so on) with a series of correspondent political events, particularly the French Revolution. Yet in yoking the literary principally with the political, romanticists have generally overlooked other changes culture was undergoing at the time (Johnson 12-20).From 1750 to 18 50, a number of events be highly familiar to romanticists for denoting important political events (the beginning of the French Revolution. the Terror, and the end of the Napoleonic Wars) (Jasper 34). By contrast, modern-day events in the history of technology are relatively unknown. Most romanticists have only passing knowledge of the technological achievements which arose at their period of study, romanticism and the Industrial Revolution deeply resemble each other both in their temporal boundaries and in their concerns. The Industrial Revolution was a fiction, one of the main meandering(a) events of the nineteenth century.

Distribution Channels and Role of Advertising in Marketing Essay

Distribution Channels and Role of Advertising in trade - Essay ExampleRole of Advertising in MarketingOnce an organization has finished do a product and distributed it to local retailers, they command to be able to convince the consumer to purchase the product. Unless a consumer is told and conscious about a particular product, then it is likely that they will not buy it because they dont know anything about it. This is why announce is so important. Advertising is only one part of a marketing campaign, but it is perhaps the most vital. The most common method to do this is through persuasion. Consumers need a valid reason before purchasing a product, so it is important to give them a few. The marketing department of an organization does not just put out advertisements at random frequently surveys or focus groups are used to determine how well the advertisement of a product will go down with a consumer. There are many different ways to advertise a product, such as through televisi on, radio, billboards, or even social media. This last method is becoming super popular in todays global environment because it is often free and can affect a wide range of people.It is important that any form of advertising is positive, because a bad advertising campaign can have a negative effect on a brand.It can request months and even years for a company to restore its reputation with the public.

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong Literature review - 1

A comparison of wine cultures between unite Kingdom and Hong Kong citizens - Literature review ExampleThey further stated that the production of food and wine is a global phenomenon. Varriano (2011) added that wine had manifested its uniqueness in the culture and history of food and drink that first started in the ancient Greece and Rome civilisations. It is more essential to almost all forms of religion as they use this in their worship (Deutsch and Saks 2008). Today, the wine industry is rapidly growing along with the rise of the globalisation (Anderson & Nelgen 2008). Indeed, wine has play a evidentiary role in the lives of wine consumers way back in the ultimo and up to the present and in the future.According to the work of Estreicher (2004), wine has played an necessary role in the foundation of Western civilisation. He further added that wine is a magical special ancient intoxicating beverage according to its associations with gods and religious and uncanny traditions. San chez (2008) further said that wine is considered by the ancient plurality such as the Greeks, Romans, Cretans and Egyptian as their daily commodities dated before Christ. These people are use to conducting grape brewing in their households respectively. In the ancient history of the invention of distillation, wine is considered to be the shell and most effective antiseptic. Furthermore, it is also treated as one of the most in-demand products for trade in the early Western civilisation along with vine. Therefore, wine can be indicated as a very significant in terms of religion, medicine, and trade (Estreicher 2004). Such notions and claims are further supported by the article of Squicciarini and Swinnen (2010) as the authors had revealed that, even back in the old times, wine has been used by the ancient people in several ways and within different purposes. For instance, in China, Chinese folks are using wines for spiritual purposes. This is also the same with the Indian people i n which

President Clinton's Crime Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

President Clintons evil Policy - demonstrate ExampleHe successfully stole the War on Crime idea and added it into his campaign, and rode it all the steering to victory in the White House.However, Clinton soon put his money where his mouth was, and showed just how tough on crime he was going to be during his Presidency. Throughout the entirety of Clintons administration he consistently back up increased penalties and additional prison house construction. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 provided state and municipal governments with $30 billion to add 100,000 new police officers, to build more prisons, and to employ more prison guards, as well as funding for crime prevention programs. This was just the start of Clinton showing how he was going to continue his programs against crime in our country.Another potentially surprising figure is that during Clintons reign as President, 225,000 more jail inmates were put into prisons than during Regans administration . Clinton took what was considered a more Republican ideal, and turned it swiftly to benefit his campaign, and he also came through with the promises he made during his time in office.Also, by signing the Violent Crime Control Act and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which provided prison construction funds to the states, President Clintons policies had already helped diversify funds from higher ed

Assignment #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

1 - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the efforts prepare by the government during the period also made citizens appreciate institutions in general. The article is of the assumption that since the terrorist beset the society perception of the friendly circles and institutions has never changed.In the article The Strange Disappearance of Civil America, the American population is created with an image that depicts its ignorance on social relationships. Different from ancient American social setting, the modern mean solar day society do not value the significance of creating social relationships. Putman acknowledges this inclination to numerous factors that derail persons from alive(p) in social activities (2). For instance, the author cites the increased role of women, economic constraints, family acquaintances and technologically based distractions. According to Putman the trend is growing (10). Children are more inclined to television and other technological advances thus ignoring the importance of social circles. With society preferences changing to suit more personal needs, the traditional social setting would never be embraced by the modern

International business class (Discussion Board) Assignment - 1

International business class (Discussion Board) - Assignment ExampleDemand conditions solely meant the domestic demand for a product. Demand encourages production because of the incentive of profit. The more the company creates a situation product, the more they become good at it. Related supporting industries are complementary firms that make an diligence benefit through it and enhances its competitiveness. Firms strategy, structure and rivalry simply meant the regulatory conditions in a certain commonwealth that could encourage innovation and rivalry that would ultimately make firms competitive.If Porters theory is to be taken as an absolute truth especially with his factor conditions that the availability of resources would make a country competitive, and then Africa would have been one of the richest countries in the world because almost all raw materials in production washbowl be found there. But as we already know, Africa is one of the poorest continent in the world and t his posits that earthy resources alone is not enough to make a country competitive debunking Porters first notion of factor condition as a prelude to national

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Assignment - Essay ExampleHence, the different views of emancipation in the company create different parties. These parties crap different beliefs and views regarding emancipation. In the United States, the rivalry of two parties has been popular which started the twinkling party system. Two of the most known parties which opposed apiece opposite are the Democrats and the Whigs. These two parties ingest been opposing with each other in the perception of freedom blush in the early 1830s. The democrats are known as Jacksonian party. The first major leader of the party was Andrew Jackson. Democrats have viewed freedom as in favor of states right more than the federal official government. They believe that the state can be really influential as a positive factor in assisting the people in the society (Herrick and Stuart 336). Also, they keep in line comparability as vital factor for freedom in the society. Democrats believe in a superstar of equality in the society because for them, it gives an impact to people that long for belongingness. As what Herrick and Stuart stated, Democrats believe in equality because it reduces alienation and creates a greater sense of social belonging (336). Moreover, democrats view the society that is composed of rules for haves and have not (Norton et al. 325). Democrats view freedom having such just, humanitarian, and democratic society. It is on their belief that freedom should be considered as private that individuals are entitled to secure its stability. Democrats chose to believe that by having equal rights, it is the best way to figure the effectiveness of having freedom in the society. As what Herrick and Stuart note that the state is the one who can control the economical system by using social and rational planning as what Democrats believe (336). Also, the state is held responsible for economic planning so that the needs of the people in the society will be achieved. On the other hand, Whigs viewed freedom a s having an active federal government. They believe that having an active government can help kindle the freedom of the society. Whigs are more in favor in an activist government in term of economic expansion (Norton et al. 325). Hence, they are more supportive with regard to corporate charters, paper currency and even the national bank, which is the total opposite of Democrats (Norton et al. 325). Obviously, Whigs see freedom as a result of having social reforms and progress. For the Whigs, liberal influence to the political minorities regarding reform associations can best express freedom in its form of armed service the society for the common good (Norton et al. 325). However, this idea is viewed by Democrats as an improper way of giving freedom to the society. As Democrats favored equal rights, Whigs on the other hand, favored equal opportunities. In addition, Whigs insist that federal government can help instill and put a self-disciplined and self-directed freedom for each individual. The energetic government and active moral reform can best exercise freedom as what Whigs believe (Norton et al. 325). Thus, Whigs support new banks, availability of corporate and bank charters, and paper currency. However, Democrats never agreed for a paper currency (Norton et al. 325). Whigs have favored bank corporations, while Democrats have not. While Whigs remain to be industrialists and nationalists, Democrats stayed to the belief that every individual can take position. Indeed, these two parties have an opposite view regarding freedom in the

Are or should rights be based on nationality The Module is [ Essay

Are or should rights be found on nationality The Module is Citizenship in Theory and Practice politics - Essay ExampleIt is for this reason that arbiters of rights are always under scrutiny and jam of discussion goes on regarding the role and task of rights arbitrator for informing people regarding their rights. The question of rights has always challenged semipolitical philosopher and thinkers. The question has also tested the wits of moral thinkers as it is one of the fundamental issues of morality. Since, philosophy started in ancient Greece therefore early thought had Greek city state or polis in judgment and for this reason the application of rights focused on the relationship of individual and polis. As such, the idea of rights is mainly establish on the responsibilities of the individual citizen to the wider polis (Delanty, 2000). Individual submitted before the authority of polis for the protection of his life and limb. The opinion of rights in the ancient world was rel ated with area and stain. The concept of citizenship was firmly based on birth. Therefore, the development and application of rights has traditionally been firmly linked with a concept of territorial integrity (Lister & Pia, 2008). Modern concept of Western nationalism has firmly established the link between rights and territorial integrity, which was originally formed in ancient Greece and safe in Roman Empire. ... Nationality and the nation state have always been linked as a result, a similar link has been formed between the concept of rights and the foundation of nationality (Held, 1995). This strong link of rights and nationality continued on for a long period of time but development in science and technology along with better communication has brought signifi mountaint changes in the outlook and approach of thinkers. Many factors are responsible for the changed attitude but three primary processes account for this attempt to revise the idea of rights. Firstly, migration has brought phenomenal changes in the concept of nationality. Secondly, the formation of regional political structures has meant that concepts of regional citizenship have taken firm ground. Numerous examples of regional bodies can be found however, possibly the most significant at the present time is the European jointure (Faist, 2007). Finally with advent of Information Technology the concept of globalisation has become a byword. The commencement of globalisation and the necessary political responses that have been taken have led many to question whether basing rights on nationality is relevant in an unified and mutually dependent world (Held, 1995). This concept of globalisation has questioned the link of rights and territory. Above all, as globalisation has increasingly served to de-link individuals and societies from the national setting, the idea that rights can be founded on the basis of national territory has been greatly criticised (Held, 1995). Considering the above assess ment, the purpose of this work is to assess and examine whether, or should the application of rights be based on

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Ethics - Essay ExampleOne common practice includes amniocentesis which is used to turn back whether a nipper leave behind maintain chromosomal problems such as Down Syndrome. Unfortunately, this testing summons does not identify these genetic abnormalities until the 16th week of pregnancy, long after the child is already grammatical (Ring-Cassidy and Gentles, 2003). A more modern diagnosis process, the Chorionic Villi Sampling method (CVS) occurs during the first trimester however the outgrowth has been known to cause limb defects (arms and leg) to healthy children (Ring-Cassidy and Gentles). There does not appear to be a practicable prenatal testing system which can accurately predict genetic characteristics, plus the long-term equipment casualty to both the mother and the child creates a new ethical dilemma. Deemed bioethics, it is the study of whether prenatal, genetic results are big(a) enough justification for aborting the fetus. This paper describes the ethics behind th is controversial abortion practice.Medical screening applied science has not yet advanced to where physicians and geneticists can concretely identify future genetic deficiencies in ontogenesis fetuses. In a situation where a pregnant woman is relying on prenatal testing results to typeset whether to carry a child to full-term, the current stage of medical research simply provides mothers with no viable options other than to prepare for the eventuality of raising a genetically-deficient child or abort the fetus immediately. Kuhse (1998) clear offers that prenatal diagnostics is wrong at its very foundation, where abortion becomes the only viable alternative to carrying the child full-term. The author suggests that good-spirited attempts to locate genetic defects such as Huntingtons disease or cystic fibrosis will ultimately lead to a social shift where less-critical fetus issues are assessed

Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Why Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Why - Essay ExampleMy reactions to Gregor surprised me, for the creature he has become, monstrous vermin, and the habits he develops as his condition deteriorates, eating rotting food and leaving sticky messes, is one near likely to cause revulsion. Instead, he elicits most positive emotions. In particular, he arouses feelings of pity, compassion and sympathy for his plight, go his family tend to make me feel disgusted with them and their treatment of this changed Gregor. Only his mother continues to want to protect him, dismantle after seeing him as an enormous brown patch against the flowers on the wallpaper.In asking myself wherefore I should feel this way, I am led to look deeply at my own beliefs and values. I begin to liken Gregors plight to someone having a mental breakdown, a stroke, or being terminally ill, or suffering dreadful disfigurement. If this happened to me or someone I cared about, coping would be hard nevertheless I would hope that kindness and concern would be given to the changed me, and that people would remember that the real soul is still in there somewhere.Although Grete does initially look after her brother, it is she who wants to kill him, telling her father, Its got to go....youve got to get discharge of the idea that thats Gregor.

Burger Kingcustomer centrality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Burger Kingcustomer centrality - Essay ExampleBeginning in 1974 they began whirl consumers the potency to construct burgers made to youre own specifications. Burger King opened their first drive-thru window in the US in 1975, and is currently offering healthier menu items for the calorie and cholesterol conscious consumers. Burger King has always determined an focus on customer choice and satisfaction.Customer satisfaction can be gauged by employing and feature the results of the customer quantify models described in the article, Customer Value a Review of Recent Literature and an combinative Configuration. (Khalifa 2004 655-662) By have the outcomes of the value exchange model, value buildup model, and value dynamics model, Burger King receives high attach in providing customer value.Burger King strives to make the consumers experience with them as positive as possible. By offering a feeling product at a competitive price in a timely, convenient, and accessible manner, Bu rger King has managed to grow and become one of the worlds largest fast-food franchise businesses. Convenient locations, ease of service and consistency of quality in their products, in addition to the empowerment provided to all customers purchasing their products, allows for greater customer benefits in analogy to sacrifices made in the procurement of these services. This means Burger King scores well based upon the criteria used in rating customer value using the value exchange model. (p. 655)The value build model correlates cardinal aspects of the relationship between customer and supplier How the customer is treated and their level of satisfaction with that treatment, longevity of the interaction, carefulness and reflectivity between the customer and the supplier, and the consumers placing an emotional value on their interaction. (p. 656) Consumers of Burger Kings services are encouraged to interact with suppliers, or how else would they have their meal made to suit their p references This is further reflected in Burger Kings employee training which places a major emphasis on friendly, courteous customer service tailored to the needs of the consumer. (Careers, 2005, ) By these standards the company receives high marks.The value dynamics model places focus on product/service and delivery, and meeting the needs of the consumer as a person. (Khalifa 2004 658) It has already been stated that Burger King strives to provide a quality product, which is competitively priced, and easy to receive. Over the historic period the corporation has expanded their menu options to meet the needs and desires of health-conscious consumers, which has expanded their client base, the core of which is made up of consumers aged 18 to 35, who eat burgers and fries, (BK (UK) 2005 PDF 3) and allowed for the meeting of individual needs in a more thorough manner. They have managed to accomplish this without sacrificing ease and/or speed of delivery. By making these options availabl e to all customers they have enhanced the individualization of customer interaction. Again, Burger King receives exemplary marks in customer value.By combining these various models, all of the factors and results, and Burger Kings own policies

Reject inference applied on large data sets Research Paper

Reject inference applied on with child(p) data sets - Research Paper ExampleHowever, this assumption does not hold true in the baptistery of application scoring. The fabricing data set becomes inherently biased if the customers that are perceived to be drab are authorize while those that are perceived to be good are rejected.It is a issuance of fact that the only populations performance that is known is for the approved, which apparently does not perform the similar way as the rejected population, hence the rejection of this population is rather questionable. Notably, the selection bias does not shine place if further disconsolate ordains are estimated using the approved population in the model alone. Nonetheless, considering that the model is applicable to the whole population in order to decide who to reject and who to decline, the bias becomes a very important consideration. Correction and accounting for this sample bias is achieved by use of rejecting inference techniqu es.In view of this, a gap is present in whatever statistical model when known Good-Bad (KGB) of the approved population of loan applicants is used, because of the high sampling bias error that occurs. As a matter of fact, either analysis of characteristics is biased as a result of the cherry selection of prospective good customers. If insalubrious rates across the whole population is truly described by the characteristics, then it is evident that the rate of approval by the same characteristics should be inversely related. For a case in point, if the customer has serviced loans without any problem for the last one year, then the subdivisions general bad rate should be moderately small, and the approval rate from this subdivision should be large. Nevertheless, customers that hold at least 4 bad loans in the previous one year should be treated as a high reference work risk. As such, any approval in this segment should be assigned a variety of new(prenominal) good characteristics to supersede offensive

The US Dollar will Lose its Status as the Worlds Reserve Currency Term Paper

The US Dollar will relapse its Status as the Worlds Reserve Currency within the Foreseeable Future - Term Paper recitationAccording to the study euro had been getting closer to the US Dollars in terms of bank note circulation. Since its blood line during the latter years of 1990s, the currency is found to be soaring high in terms of popularity particularly among the Asian nations where almost two-thirds of total Euro bank notes in circulation are concentrated. The table alongside displays ample cultivation to establish Euro is fast surpassing Dollars in terms of its circulation. To emphasise, stock of Euro has increased by 7 part between 1999 and 2003 while that of Dollars has receded by 6.7 percent between 2001 and 2006. The diagram alongside shows the extents to which different foreign militia are found to be growing over the years. Growth in Euro is witnessed as reaching a peak during 2002 and exceeding the corresponding rate for US Dollars. With the creation of the euro in 1999, and the growth of the US outside(a) debt and current account deficits since then, the economic appeal of the dollar as an international currency has become slight distinctive. In fact, during the post Euro era, the position of US dollar has been fast depreciating owing to the string up in its store of value and liquidity. A downfall in the degree of liquidity of the currency accounts for the extensive sums of US Dollar reserves that East Asian nations reserve had been maintaining in their reserves this specifically is the priming behind a fall in the US Dollar circulation. Prior to the introduction of Euro, US Dollars delusive the topmost position in the international arena.

Dog Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dog Training - Essay ExampleOther dogs elsewhere in the world were lovingly inherited by their own masters. Even Oprah Winfrey had written a will endowing $30 million to her 5 dog pets ensuring that they will be pampered throughout their lives even if she has already passed away, Womans Day reported (Womans Day, Sept. 10, 2007). Ordinary state c ar for their dogs as if theyre caring for their own children, sleeping, eating and even traveling with them.This hardly can be considered a phenowork forceon because dogs among all creatures in the universe evince qualities and traits that atomic number 18 even difficult to find in humans and these are purity of heart, unconditional love and devotion, the absence of malice and hidden motives or sincerity, fundamental fidelity and loyalty and the adherence to his master in all adversity and through all vicissitudes. When star loves his or her dog 50% in intensity, his or her dog returns it 100%. The dogs love is consistent and unfailing. s uccession spouses show affection only in the early old age of the marriage, dogs show affection day in and day out, year in and year out. The dogs warmth, devotion and obedience know no barrier nor limits. We oftentimes hear of stories of dogs pining for their masters presence even after the latters death. In Edinburgh, Scotland a Skye Terrier named Greyfriars Bobby spent 14 years guarding his masters grave until his own demise. His saga was immortalised in the Disney movies Greyfriars Bobby (1961) and The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby (2006) (Atkins 2005, pp.52-256). War stories such as those from World War I are even more replete with stories of dogs refusing to leave their masters corpses even if they were already in a state of decomposition. whence there was the story of Heidi, the Russell Terrier who sought out her Scottish master, Graham Snell who fell in a drop cloth and died. Finding him, she traversed down the 500 foot ravine and stayed with Snell until they were reach ed by a rescue team (dogsinthenews.com). All of these stories are endless, all earning for the dog the sobriquet, mans best friend. Dogs Natural InstinctsResearchers have always claimed that dogs trace their lineage from gray wolves (canis lupus) well-nigh tens of thousands of years ago. As a priori evidence, many have adduced as evidence the similarity of structures and the period of maternal quality between the two species (Richardson 1857, p,18). They were ostensibly domesticated when wolves pups were taken 3and bred and tamed by early men and successfully socialized. By the process of intentional cross-breeding, the tamed domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) emerged (Scott & Fuller 1974, p.140). Since then they had been

Carry Out Comprehensive Substance Misuse Assessmen Essay Example for Free

Carry Out Comprehensive Substance subvert Assessmen EssayE actu in ally individual is unique and even though many pull up s acknowledges show or smell similar sensations with regards to how a substance practises them recover, it is not always effectual to assume that the traits that they show will always be the most obvious. Over a level of time, substance wrongrs will make a technique of hiding the most obvious traits that give warning signs of substance misuse so as a professional wishing to be very observant and continuously engage with steadfast raising courses to keep up to date with the latest drug trends and effects they take away on the carcass and how they alter the mood. many customers will show some obvious traits of substance misuse which will imply gouching, which is the effect of the hit from Heroin/Methad iodine (Heroin substitute). Gouching is when the customer will be quite a a alert at the beginning of a assort session, hardly within 10 1 5 minutes they will live on to emerge as they be falling asleep. They may start to bow their head and if you call them they presently wake up. An young(prenominal) of the physical signs of substance misuse of a thickening with a Heroin dependence would be the eyes rolling or the plain struggle to keep them open.I hand over stupefy to numberher that customers with a Crack or Cocaine addiction tend to be the other scale as these drugs ar stimulants. I involve had invitees high from a binge from the night before who bind go to group sessions and been very talkative, eyes quite wide with an obvious redness of the lack of sleep. These physical signs apprize vary dependant on the lapse of time from finishing their misuse session to attending the group session, so for e. g. f the invitee had not yet been to sleep they would seem very hyperactive, jittery and very fidgety, unless if they may take for had a few hours sleep the physical signs merchantman be quite diffe rent, so they argon irritable due to tiredness. They would be quite slouched and not so conversational because they are on what it kn testify as a come d take in. All the euphoria has now left the proboscis and the body in a sense is returning to its normal state. Substance misuse squirt similarly mediocre as easily affect a invitees complete behavioral principle as well as their horny and social interactions.The behavioural indications can be the client just not being their usual self-importance, this could be a few varying factors, but once you get to know a client you understand how they behave towards different things that affect them. They could easily become emotional too which could be the client is purely upset and feel like they have let their self down because they may have been abstinent for a while and not been able to handle a certain situation or simply had a trigger which they could not control and went and used on it.Many clients that I deal with on a day to day basis do tin with a variety of ailments and illnesses and are prescribed medication for these. They range quite broadly from medication to wangle a mental illness to fetching medication in order to help keep their ancestry thin enough so not to suffer from DVT. Some of these prescribed medications will make our clients appear to be under the influence of a substance when real they are not.As professionals this is why you demand to collate important culture from the judging stages so you can inquire questions ab protrude a clients medication and what the side effects may be as well as do your own research to back up any data already given. Within CRI as we have the consent to sharing education form if this has been signed you may want to contact the GP with a breakdown of what the side effects may be and the effect it would have on a client with substance misuse issues on base the immediate risk factors too.Many of the prescribed medications for mental health illnes ses and notion will make clients seem as they are falling asleep, not really focusing on what is going on and spaced out, but this is not the case and if you are advised of a clients conditions because you would know best how to assess the situation at the given time. I level(p)ly attend training provided by CRI and local boroughs or other operate within the locality so that I am fully up to date with the in the buff trends and old trends of drugs that are available, where the bad batches are being distributed and the strong point of what is about on the streets at the current time.This is down to you as an individual to also do your own research on the internet of what is going on in the drug scene and ask questions. If you give away of something that you are unaware of ask those questions, you never know when you will come across a client that may have a particular problem with that substance and you may be the psyche that necessarily to help them. I have found that clie nts can be quite knowledgeable so ask them questions too and go back and check on the cultivation provided with others.I do not feel that one person will or can know everything, but this is when team members should draw upon one another to have a wide knowledge within a team so all reachs are covered in most instances. Probation This is a criminal justice aid that whole kit and boodle alongside all those who have committed a crime and have been sentenced to either serve a tutelary sentence, su pretermited sentence, community order or DRR.Most people will have a period of licence that they will have to attend appointments to discuss what they are doing with their lives. This is where clients will attend to be well-tried for substances and these results are fed back to CRI Stabilisation Day Programme. Probations service also has the ability to tap into other serve and a certain amount of resources that will enable clients to gain help in ETE, lodging services or referral units , Drug Intervention groups.CASS Community Alcohol Stabilisation Services This service ladders with clients whose main or preferred substance of choice is alcoholic drink. This service will help melt down with clients extensively and support them if they require a detox and hold support groups, some peer lead and java mornings. They also will be given a central worker who will work with them on a 1-2-1 basis. CDAS Community Detox All of these services will complete an assessment of individuals to see the risks connected with the individual.The assessment will show if they can help the client, what treatment can be give in place for them and the extent of the problem that the individual is currently experiencing. If each of these individual services are inefficient to help an individual they will then refer them on to a service that can assistant them better within the area that they require the support and help in. With most physical compositions there will be an eligib ility requirement in order for a service to work with you as well as protocols for accessing these services.Our organisation work very closely with haven as an after give care treatment provider for clients who are not abstinent, but we also have our own organisation that provides aftercare treatment, but you must be totally abstinent from alcohol and drugs for a minimum period of two weeks and you also cannot be on a script. The referral procedure for Oasis would initially be a phone call to the service and letting them know that you have a client is almost completed their 12 week period of their DRR with you and that they have for e. g. nother 12 weeks left on their order where they are required by law to continue to access drug services. An appointment is schedule for you and the client to attend and on this visit to Oasis as a project worker you are required to bring along the clients care plans, the completed risk assessment with any updates or amendments and a TOPs form for s tatistical information to be provided to NDTA. On arriving at the appointment with the client, a describe work session will take place and you will also give information to the new key worker with regards to the clients background.The care plan review will be completed with the client there and a copy retained by our organisation to be kept on their file. The new key worker will also discuss with them what their service can offer them in regards to determine on treatment and what days they will attend, the groups etc. A new treatment plan is formulated with the new key worker there and then. The eligibility for gaining access to Oasis is that you are from the borough, that you have a substance misuse problem and ideally want help and support with coping and dealing with these issues.Some of the other services have more stringent protocols and eligibility. For example if you were trying to get your client referred to go to residential rehab, you contain to send a fully completed r eferral form to CDAS or the NHS, this is then discussed whether they feel that the potential client has shown the commitment required in order to put them before the funding panel of commissioners to prove that they are ready to take on a huge part of their recovery journey.If the decision to grant them the funding, the client then has to do a detox within the community for two weeks prior to being admitted to the residential rehab. If a client leaves the detox and does not complete this they will lose their place within the rehab or it may be put on hold until they have completed it. The organisation that I work in have clients sentenced on a DRR which means that they do not want to be here, but have no choice but to be there.We are usually the get out of detain card for most of them and unfortunately some of our clients are like revolving doors. However, I see this position as a vocation and not just a job and I am very aware that many of the clients do not want to be with us, bu t I hold hope that I still may be able to assist them on their individual journey on the course to recovery. I am also very conscious of the fact that not everyone can be helped and that is the temperament of the career that I work within.My approach to those clients that do not want to be in services is to explain what my role here is and make them fully aware of all the things the onward referral services can do for them. I give clients as much information as possible about the service and highlight the things that would work for them. It is not always an easy task and some clients are very dogged and when it gets to the brick wall stage where I feel I have exhausted every possible complete(a)fare to get them to engage with the onward service I remind them that they have a legal requirement to ttend the services and if they do not abide by the DRR it will be reported to their probation officer and may be classed as a breach, which means returning to court to answer to the jud ge and the order can be revoked and a prison sentence given in its place. When undertaking an assessment of a client, I make sure that I gather as much background information as possible. This may be from the DIP team that I work very closely alongside and if I have knowledge of them working with probation services I will contact their probation officer and request information from them also.I feel it is best to be very prepared so that you can summarise with them their history and spend more time dealing with the immediate things that are proving to be difficult and that they need the support and economic aid to make their recovery journey as smooth as possible. If in my information gathering of a client, if something particular comes up that for e. g. they need to be escorted to their appointments. I will jibe that I speak with the person or key worker to ensure that the dates and times are suitable for all parties concerned.I have many clients that also have many appointments to attend in general, so trying to space them out so the client has sufficient time to attend or make appointments on a regular day and time so it will not interfere with any other obligations. If a client has many services involved in their life I will ensure that we have a meeting on a regular basis that includes everyone to minimise the amount of appointments the client has to attend and information is shared in one place at one time. All information is recorded on our CRiis system as soon as the meeting has finished.I think this is good practice so that you do not forget anything important that needs to be recorded for ease of reference for others if they have to see your client whilst you are away. This is also good for when writing review reports for the courts or the probation officers. When assessing a client I feel it is highly important to know their background, history of substances and the life melody. If you have a thorough knowledge of the client it is easier to asses s the risks to them and others accurately and ensuring that you follow out you concern of care to the client as well as others.This way you also cover yourself from potentially being in the firing line if you ensure you have done a thorough job of the risk factors and highlighting them to your manager if you feel that something is not quite right. It is extremely important to regularly review the risk assessments as things change very quickly with clients. Not any one day is the same for them and they live high risk lives. We ensure that our clients have a 1-2-1 key work session at least every two weeks and the risk is monitored, but if the client does not prove to have high risks it is reviewed every six weeks.Our service is quite small so the team de-brief after every group session and discuss each client that has attended and sometimes we highlight possible risky situations which will be noted as a risk and monitored until the risk has gone or the client has left. If the risk as sessment is not reviewed you can put your client at risk as well as your service and everyone that your client comes into contact with. The client is fully involved in the assessment butt against as the main bulk of our information comes from the individual.I ask them to be as open and as honest as possible as I can only help them if they tell me the truth. At this point I will be taking into consideration traumatic events in their life, when substance misuse started and what the flow of substances are and of the individual poly drug uses. Many of our clients have been through services before, but I always ask if they know why they are here? Have they attended groups before? What are they like in a group mount? How they feel with mixing with others who are at different stages of treatment?By asking them various questions and comprehend to the clients feedback, body language non verbal reactions, I will then know whether they are suitable for the DRR or if they may need to access another service for more specialist treatment. I follow the assessment procedure and ensure all the necessary paper work is completed and all paper work signed by the client and I. I deal with disorderly, abusive and warring clients daily. I feel that with my aggressive clients that you need to remain firm and not lose control.I would not put myself in a situation that is overly risky, but you must be a little thick skinned and own the group. The boundaries must be put in place from the on start or this kind of behaviour will rear its ugly head too often. Each situation is different and with the more chaotic clients its more about trying to get them into some sort of structure. Ensure that appointments are indite down or set in their phone so they remember. I will also textual matter clients when they have an appointment with the service or are due in for group and we find in our service that some of the clients need this level of help.Even the clients that do not need that sort of assistance find it helpful because of they do not feel like attending the text message helps to industrial plant the seed and makes them attend. On the completion of the full assessment, the client and I will look through the information gathered and highlight the priorities areas that we will focus on in the first instance. This are not better in stone and if things change as we go along through the course of the treatment process we will address them or re think the order of priority.I feel that if you have to make an assessment on a child or young person you do need to follow the same principles as you do for an adult. I would involve the main carer or person with the main parental responsibility whether this is a foster carer etc. The process would involve gathering as much information as possible with regards to the young person or childs likes, dislikes, how they react to things, what they were like as a child, traumatic events that may have occurred in their life, what they are like at schooltime, everything that could give me an strike to this young person or childs personality.From gathering all the information, which would include talking to their school or educational facilities they attend, social services if they have been involved and any other agency that has had function with the child or young person, this should give me as a professional a very good idea of what the young person or child is like and then the final thing would be asking the young person or child questions and seeing what their response would be.I feel that I would not personally be able to assess their level of maturity at present as I am not qualified in that area, but if it was something that I had to undertake I would take the steps to involve a child psychologist to accurately assess the level of their maturity. I feel that this area is very specialist and any work that I would undertake would be of another form of information gathering in order to assist with an y additional treatment plans that may be put in place to help the young person or child.There are guidelines and legislation that need to be adhered to when dealing with young persons or children which include Victoria Climbe Report Baby P Which have highlighted areas in the past that have been missed and because of that we have unfortunately lost some very remarkable children. We also have the Childrens Act 2004 which was amended to include that responsibility of services, organisations, care homes foster carers with the duty of care to a child. During the initial assessment the client is informed of the complaints procedure and offered a copy of their care/treatment plan.The clients are encouraged to complete ITEP maps so they are more involved in the whole process and to recognise that once things are written down on paper how real they truly are. This is sometimes the point when everything becomes real to the client and they begin to take a different view of what is really go ing on for them in their life and realise that they do need support and help in some areas. We endeavour to keep a good working practice within our team and to realise good working partnership with all other agencies that we work along side.

Words and word studies Essay Example for Free

Words and give voice studies EssayDo a word require on the Hebrew word Bara (create) as it is used in the whole book of Genesis. Does the word always refer to population place of / using nonhing? In the search of the Hebrew bound Bara in the entirety of the book of Genesis, there were eight particular instances that the full propose created (Hebrew Bara) was mentioned.Most of the time when the verge created was used, the writer is implying about how divinity undertook the task of creating by using nothing in particular spell for his godly forcefulnesss to create things out of nothing. But in Genesis 67 the writer seemed to defend hinted about how God made homo from earth when it indicated that And the LORD said, I will destroy serviceman whom I have created from the face of the earth. The term face of the earth refers to the soil that covers the land bea of the planet.Here, readers are inclined to think that man was made from dust or soil (ergo the belief that when the body of a man dies, it returns to original form dust since it will become mere dust once the bear upon of decomposition is comp permite). Can the word mean this in Genesis 11? Yes, the use of the term Bara or create in the first verse of the first chapter of Genesis refers to the display of God of his power to produce material and tangible things without using other things existing already so that the process of humanity is undertaken.When discussing the ability of God to create, Christian religious tenets have it that God creates out of nothing due to his unattackable power that cannot be explained by the science and logic of man, ergo making Christianity a religion hinged on faith alone even when scientific or empirical explanation is not available (example of that is the induction of the world, which many scientists hypothesized to have started from an activity occurring from something extant already, which is still unsettled even up to now). Now limn up Isa.4518 and regain the Hebrew words behind Gods creative activity in that verse. Look up these words (there are two) in the Hebrew dictionary you are using, and then find any occurrence of them in the whole book of Genesis In Isaiah, three other forms quasi(prenominal) to create is found the term formed (yatsar), made (asah) and established (kuwn). The term formed was mentioned three quantify in the book of Genesis in the verses seven, eight and 19 of the second chapter in the book, referring to his forming of man and the beasts that roamed the earth.The term made or make was found more often in the book of Genesis, nearly present in all of the chapters of the book, generally because asah is a primitive ascendant along with kuwn, which was mentioned in 4132, 4316 and 4325 of the book of Genesis. Do either of these words refer to creation out of / using nothing? If not, do the authors of Genesis and Isaiah have different theology? Like what was mentioned earlier in the paper, not all of the terms that pertain to Gods creative activity points to the idea that God did not use any other thing to assist him in his creation there were instances corresponding the creation of man and char wherein God used earth to create man and used mans ribs to create a woman, references to the use of tools of God during particular times of his creative process which does not decrease the ability of Gods power for creation (i. e.God can make man and woman even without the use of earth and the mans ribs).But was a necessary act since the creation and the symbolisms that surround it has an important socio-religious meanings in the overall theology, belief and practices of the early Christianity all the way to the more innovative form of the faith.2) Do word study on the term unmarried in I Cor. 7 The term Unmarried, or the Hebrew agamos is found in the seventh chapter of the first letter of St.Paul to the Corinthians. It appears that gamos is the root word that is supplemented by a prefix a that connotes negativity (ergo agamos for unmarried, the negative version of married, which is positive). As the incline translation implies, this term is used as reference during the time of St. Paul for individuals who is still without a effectual wife or husband and has not yet undergone the ritual of marriage.Try and use the context to desex what unmarried can mean During the time of St.Paul when he wrote to the Corinthians, the prevailing practice is to take a legitimately wedded husband or wife, consistent with existing laws and religious practices. This does not guarantee however that sight during those times were not vulnerable or susceptible to the temptations of extra marital affairs, and because of that, St. Paul focuses his discussion on marriage and sex in the context of what is allowable in the eyes of god through the accredited practices of the Catholic religion. The term unmarried refers to a person who is without a partner, and all unmarried individ uals are boost by St.Paul to abstain from unlawful and taboo forms of sex from other people may they be married to other people or similarly unmarried. Unmarried as a social name tag is reserved for those who are not married, and by married one refers to the actualization and action of the rituals of marriage of union of two people. Does I Cor. 7 allow for remarriage after divorce or not? Divorce is a practice that is prohibited in the Roman Catholic belief and practices, and because it is not allowed, so is the idea of remarrying after leaving ones partner whom God joined in the solemnity of marriage.St. Paul speaks of this in I Corinthian 7 11-12, saying that And unto the married I command, yet not I, except the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband and let not the husband put away his wife. There is an indication in Chapter 7 of the first letter of Paul to the Corinthians about remarry ing for those who are already widowed. In I Corinthians 78-9, it says that I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.But if they cannot contain, let them marry for it is better to marry than to burn. Here St. Paul tells the unmarried and the widows that it is alright for them to remarry, encouraging them to remarry sooner of engaging in sexual acts that is not allowed in Christian doctrine that may be the tenability for the burning of their souls in Hell.Works Cited Blue Letter discussion. 26 April 2008 http//cf. blueletterbible. org/lang/lexicon/lexicon. cfm? Strongs=H22t=KJV. King James Bible With Strongs Dictionary. 2001. 26 April 2008 http//www. htmlbible. com/sacrednamebiblecom/kjvstrongs/index. htm.

Organizational Theory & Research Essay Example for Free

Organizational Theory Research seekOrganization is a concept delectationd in a variety of ways such as (1) a system or pattern of any set of relationships in any kind of labor movement (2) an enterprise itself (3) cooperation of two or to a greater extent persons (4) all behavior of all participants in a separate and (5) the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized enterprise (Koontz, et. al. , 1980, p. G-11). Organization development is a systematic, integrated, and planned approach to improve the effectiveness of people and groups in a enterprise through the use of techniques for chore discovery and various intervention techniques for solving these problems (Koontz, et. l. , 1980, p. G-11).One of the key aspects of managing is organizing and it is a skill need of any manager if he or she is to be effective and successful in attaining organizational objectives and effecting switch (see Koontz, et. al, 1980, p. 330). Management literature has acknowledged t hat people tend to cooperate with one another in the administration of a crisis because man has learned that it is better to cooperate than to compete with one another.In cooperative activities, finishs or objectives are achieved much easier than when individual persons act separately in attempting to achieve a group goal or objective. Organizing involves identifying the right people to involve in the design, development, and implementation of the process of problem identification and problem solving. One requirement of effective organizing is knowledge of the fundamental nature of group dynamics. When two or more people are formed to work on a particular task, they usually undergo accepted stages of group development. These are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.During the forming stage, group members tend to be cautious and almost become aware of to each one word that each says to others in the storming stage, members become impatient of formalities and ten d to express themselves and demonstrate disgust and sarcasm in the norming stage, members learn to tolerate frustrations and become more acceptable of other members of the group in the performing stage, team members has put aside their differences and concentrate on the objectives of the group, thereby performing to the fullest and achieving their preset goals and objectives in the adjourning stage, group members have achieved their objectives and disbands themselves and return to their home organizations or department.

Color of Water Analysis Essay Example for Free

Color of Water Analysis EssayThe book is more like two intertwining books than just a single book. It switches between two points of views, shame McBride and her son pack McBride. In Ruths chapters, she chronicles bulge out her life story beginning with her migrating to the United States when she was two years old. At a young age, Ruths life is filled with hardship.Her father did not love her engender, her mother suffered from acute anterior poliomyelitis she was verb every(prenominal)y abused at school for being Jewish, and physically abused by her father. As shortly as she could, Ruth began to put her chivalric behind her. She moved to New York, converted to Christianity, and married a black man. The other half of the book is the biography of the author crowd together McBride. James was one of cardinal children and because of that his childhood was full of chaos. Yet his mother kept the children under control by instilling the splendour of church and school into the ir minds.During his teenage years, James started rebelling against his mother by skipping school and taking drugs and alcohol. alone forwards graduating high school, he decides to turn his life around. After doing that, he attended Oberlin College then Columbia University. As an adult, James worked as a journalist for many magazines and saucilyspapers, but he also started uncovering his mothers agone because she had kept it a secret to all her children. By uncovering his mothers past, James was able to build an even deeper relationship with her.While reading this book, it was hard to compare it to anything else because of its originality. A story about an old, white lady taking care of twelve black children there is more or less nothing like that Although the concept of digging into someones past and in doing so gaining a deep respect for them comes close to the movie Hugo. Hugo is about an orphan boy who lives in the walls of a genus Paris railway station. As Hugo repairs cloc ks and builds machines, he begins uncovering the truth about a grumpy, old toymaker who whole kit and boodle at the train station.Hugo discovers that the toymaker was actually a brilliant filmmaker, but after World War II, mess lost interest in his movies and to avoid bankruptcy, the toymaker had to burn all his film into chemicals. The toymaker was haunted by his past and put the past behind him and wanted nothing to do with it, just like Ruth McBride. But just as James gets his mother to face her past, and in doing so helps her comes to terms with her past, so does Hugo with the toymaker.By showing the toymaker some of his movies that were not destroyed, and getting him to talk about his past, the toymaker comes to terms with his past and remembers the joy of imagination. James gets a similar result from his mother as he gets her to open up about her past and step into a synagogue for another time. Hugo was then able to see the toymaker in a new light and it helped Hugo build a d eep respect for the toymaker. The best part about the book and what kept it so engaging, was that it was able to express some very important and universal themes.One line that stands out is when James says, The greatest gift that anyone stack give anyone else is life. The greatest sin a person can do to another is to take away that life (McBride 229). These words emphasize the idea that our life is the about sacred thing we have. James was able to give his mother the gift of life by dowry her come to terms with a part of her life that she chose to bury. This teaches us that we must treasure the good and the distressing aspects of our life because when we lose our life, we lose the most important thing we have. God is the color of water. Water doesnt have a color (McBride 51).This quote from the book uncovers a central theme and plotline from the book. No issuance your race, religion, or gender, God loves all us of and represents every single one us. This is important to know b ecause James is the son of a white lady, but he and his siblings are all black. Because of this James grows up woolly-headed about his race and religion, but his mother would always tell him that since God is the color of water, he loves all the people in the world, no matter what color their skin is.

The social setting Essay Example for Free

The social setting EssayKES is set in the early mid-sixties in Sheffield, South Yorkshire and in the first few pages we get the impression that billystick and his family live on a deprived estate. There argon many signs of this passim the saucy and one of the first things we bear witness about is that truncheon and his brother not only shargon a undersurfaceroom unless in addition share the bed itself. He stayed in his own half(a) of the bed, groaning and turning The bedroom window didnt so far deliver any curtains at it. There was obviously no cardinal heating as billystick was really cold when he got up and had to prepare and light a coal fire. Unlike whatsoever homes today there was not much food in the house what food there was, was unplowed in a pantry rather than a fridge fridges were not commonplace objects in the homes of common people in the 60s. the floor covering is another clue to depravation it was not covered in rug but lino. The family had not got much regard for their home. One example of this is the mother cleaning her shoes on the edge of the tablecloth.So as a conclusion to the historical setting we washbowl tell that Billy lives in a time where life wasnt as easy and things we fall for granted like central heating, electricity and stifling water werent so widely available. Only the rich people had the luxuries like hot water and Billy certainly didnt live in an sector, which had any such comforts, his family was poor and its easy find oneself it when reading the novel. The social setting of the novel is mainly his work. He obviously goes to an all boys secondary modern, where delay is maintained by the headmasters cane and the boys are called by their surnames.The class still have old-fashioned inkwells and blotters at their desks. It would invitem that the system has failed Billy if he not competent at reading and writing by the time he is in his last year at school. Though the lack of support by his mother may have something to do with it, Id presume that Billy had been left to get on with school himself with no attend from his mother or Jud. So living in a poor, deprived world and having a bad relationship with his mother and brother, Billy was not given the opportunity to succeed in life. The first incident I have chosen is the opening horizons in the novel.It shows Billys morning routine, acquire up, getting dressed and going withdraw to do his paper round. I have chosen to examine this exposure because I think it starts to make the ref opinion sympathetic towards Billy and understand his situation. This is shown throughout the novel, but the opening scenes give the reader a taste of whats to come. The short opening paragraph is deliberately harsh. Hines engages the reader immediately with his stark description of the bedroom, which begins There was no curtains up. This is a short but powerful sentence, as is Silence. which ends this paragraph and makes the reader wonder what is going to break it. The powerful verbs such as shivered, scuffled and crawled all help to intensify the mood of the opening. Hines narrative is extremely descriptive and heightens the readers awareness of Billys poor living conditions and the depressing area in which he lives. The positive descriptions e. g. The coal had caught fire, and the yellow flames were now emitting a slight warmth. are ever followed with lengthy negative descriptions e. g. grabbed his windcheater.The zip was broken and the material draped out behind him The effect of this is to redeem the reader sympathising with Billy. The conversations that take place between Billy and his brother, the shopkeeper and the milkman all include local dialect, which send word the working class background. The first character to be met is Billys brother Jud when they are both in bed Jud is one of the rounded characters in the novel. We can tell from reading the second paragraph that Billy and Jud have to share a bed, w hich shows us that the family are not very well off at all.We can also tell that Jud does not like Billy he was no respect for him whatsoever and seems to take every opportunity to bully him thumped Billy in the kidneys. The conversation between Jud and Billy in this scene is made up of short phrases in which neither character is particularly polite but Jud speaks very rudely to Billy even when Billy is only trying to prevent him being late for work. This evokes empathy within the reader for Billy. This poor relationship is shown many times throughout the novel making us tactual sensation more sympathetic towards Billy.We also meet the shopkeeper in the first few scenes when Billy goes to do his paper round. When Billy arrives at the shop they have a conversation about how Billy was almost late and how theres a long queue of people for his job, people from Firs mound. The reference to Firs Hill is telling us that the Estate that Billy lives on is very poor and rundown and that the people living at Firs Hill are regarded as more important. theyre all alike off that estate. Theyll take your breath if youre not careful. These are the words that customers had used to the shopkeeper to imply that all the people from Billys estate are thieves and certainly not to be trusted The next character we meet is the milkman, who, like the shopkeeper, is one of the flat characters in the novel. thirdly class ridings better than first class walking anyday. The milkman tells Billy when they meet each other on Billys paper round. After talking to the milkman for a while Billy nicks a bottleful of milk off the back of the float. On the step stood two empty milk bottles. This is the reason why Billy nicked the bottle of milk he had nothing left at home which shows us that neither his mother nor Jud feeling to save some milk for Billy. In the same description on the first few pages we see that Billy is left no food either. There were a packet of dried peas and a half bottl e of vinegar on the shelves. The bread bin was empty. There is a general feeling throughout the opening that Billy is very much a neglected child. When watching the film version of the novel there are some aspects of it which make us feel more sympathetic towards Billy and some things that are not shown in as much detail as the novel.The sound and lighting are very important mediums in the opening scene, when watching the film you get a better feel for the darkness of the room and the size of the bed that Billy and Jud have to share. It starts off in complete serenity until the alarm clock goes off which seems to act a signal for the bickering between Billy and Jud to begin. The television camera shows the view of the bed so we can see both characters as they have their conversation of articulate limited dialogue. Then there is a sudden shock of light shown with a mid- ginger nut as Jud gets up and presses the light switch.This dramatic change between dark and light and a point of view shot seems to leave Billy looking vulnerable tucked up beneath the tattered covers. As Billy gets up to get dressed into his dirty clothes we hear a soft sound of a recorder in the background, and the only light is that coming from the window. The film misses out the scene when Billy is looking for food in the kitchen and lighting the fire, and proceeds to the scene outside. In this scene we see Billy runway down the street from a mid-shot and then a wide-shot as he runs across the field.

Microbes are everywhere Essay Example for Free

Microbes atomic number 18 everyplace EssayThe experiment performed in the Lab was isolation of microbes taken from us and the environment. We apply nutrient agar which is a growth medium used to culture microorganisms or sm all in all plants and Sabourand Dextrose Agar plates used to cultivate legal tenders and yeasts. The objective of it was to demonstrate that microbes are everywhere. We expected to find a variety of bacteria, moulds and yeasts. We were introduced to aseptic techniques as they help ensure that only certain microorganisms are present in the plate. These methods excessively guarantee that microorganisms do not escape from the specific petri dish, contaminating the laboratory and possibly causing disease. Describe features of colonies. Materials required Nutrient Agar plate (N. A. ) Saba stave Dextrose Agar plates (S. D. A. ) 4x sterile Swabs 1x Diluent (universal bottle) Method Firstly, NA plate was undetermined to microbes from me using sterile swabs. Th e swab was scrubbed inside my nails and then rubbed over ? of the plate. Secondly, for the environment- the swab was dipped in diluent to moisten and then applied to the drainage pipe from the laboratory.This swab was rubbed over the second half(a) of the plate. NA plates were incubated inverted at 37oC for 48 hours. We repeated the procedure with the SDA plate at 22oC for 5 days. only plates were labelled with our initials, part of the body/environment swabbed, incubation temperature and media used. Results obtained Moulds are actually fungi, and they often appear milklike grey, with fuzzy edges. They usually turn into a different colour, from the centre outwards. Examples are shown below On the proficient hand side we washstand see a circular green mould colony and round yeast colonies.Left hand side of the plate shows round bacterial colonies. The dominant colour is cream. However, we lavatory appreciate a round colony in a pinkish colour. We merchantman see mould colonies in a chicken colour at the top. However, the handles side appears to have a darker colour and a green patch. It is interesting the way the mould has divided so rapidly that we can barely differentiate the two halves of the plate. The mould from the air conditioner could have contaminated the handle section. We can also notice small pinkish colonies in the centre of the air conditioners experiment.The bottom of the plate has black, yellowish and light green patches. In the type taken from my nails we could see an agglomeration of a larger number of bacterial colonies. Colonies appeared punctiform with a wavy form and cream in colour. Unfortunately we could not see any property of growth in the sample taken from the drainage pipe. We aimed to see microbial growth of each sample with a variety of bacterial colonies with several shapes and colours. Perhaps microorganisms taken from the drainage pipe were in the lag phase of growth and needed a longer or different type of incubation .As per sample taken from the cheek we can distinguish several bacterial colonies circular in shape. Each plain circular colony should represent an individual bacterial cell or group that has divided repeatedly. close to fungi and moulds can cause a variety of skin diseases such as athletes foot, jock itch, and ringworm. They can also cause pulmonary and internal infections. However, others are beneficial such as Penicillium which produces the antibiotic penicillin and Saccharomyces is the yeast used to make bread rise and to brew beer.Many bacteria are dangerous pathogens such as Salmonella (food poisoning), Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), MRSA responsible for many serious infections. Nevertheless not all bacteria cause diseases. Lactic Acid bacteria enhance health and protect us against pathogens and carcinogens. in that respect are many different types of bacteria in our mouth and intestines that produce some vitamins and ferment type to produce short-chain fatty acids. Microor ganisms are essential on Earth. On the other hand, we can appreciate the grandness of hygiene in our daily lives to avoid harmful levels of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Khaled Hosseini Essay Example for Free

Khaled Hosseini EssayAt parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him corresponding sunflowers number to the sunTranslating a book into a movie can be a very snarled task for many reasons. This is due to the fact that a book has many key points in it and condensation them all into a certain time frame can be very challenging. Mark Forsters adaptation of Khaled Hosseinis novel the Kite Runner is a weak portrayal of what the author had in the first place wrote. The movie consisted of some bad mold choices. It also consisted of some significant and harmful cuts to the novel. Although the directors intention to recreate a very well written story into a movie was a great idea, the author could have given more attention to some critical and important aspects of the novel.The directors casting choices changed some of the important traits, which took away the true understanding of the characters. In the book, Khaled Hosseini states that Has san is a descendant of Mongol heritage, which was an index number of his status in society. As a Hazara young Hassans actor in the movie, blended in with the rest of the actors, as he did look like a Mongol.Another obvious flaw in Hassans character in the movie was the fact that he did not have a harelip, which represent the fact that he was a Hazara and had no money for it to be replaced. Baba is also another great moral of how the director made some bad casting choices for the movie. In the book Babas character was set forth as a strong, intelligent and intimidating man At parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him like sunflowers turning to the sun. While in the movie

Systemic anatomy Essay Example for Free

Systemic anatomy EssayThe muscular tissues of play can be divided into inborn and extrinsic groups. The inseparable brawninesss lie entirely within the idiom, while the extrinsic heftinesss subjoin the tongue to former(a)wise structures. The extrinsic muscles reposition the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue for talking and s hem inowing. Extrinsic tongue muscles, by definition, originate from structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue. The four paired extrinsic muscles protrude, retract, depress, and elevate the tongue Muscle From Nerve FunctionGenioglossus muscle mandible-(Genial Tubercles) hypoglossal nerve Protrudes the tongue as well as depressing its spunk. Hyoglossus muscle hyoid arise Depresses the tongue. Styloglossus muscle styloid process Elevates and retracts the tongue. Palatoglossus muscle palatine aponeurosis guttural fork of vagus nerve Depresses the soft palate, moves the palatoglossal fold towards the mid line, and elevates the back of the tongue. Intrinsic muscles Four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert within the tongue, running along its length.These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by engthening and shortening it, curling and uncurling its apex and edges, and flattening and rounding its summon. The tops(predicate) longitudinal muscle runs along the superior surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane, and elevates, assists in retraction of, or deviates the reorient of the tongue. It originates near the epiglottis, the hyoid bone, from the average fibrous septum. The modest longitudinal muscle lines the sides of the tongue, and is Joined to the styloglossus muscle.The verticalis muscle is located in the middle of the tongue, and Joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles. The transversus muscle divides the tongue at the ed to the mucous membranes . the tongue that run along the sides 2. The muscle that . -Protrude -Retract -Depress -Retraction, elevation of ulterior third -Shape changes The Genioglossus mus protrudes the tongue. Remember that contraction of the effective genioglossus muscle (for example) points the tip of the tongue to the patients left. The Styloglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward.Also the Palatoglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward. The Hyoglossus muscle depresses the tongue. The Levator veli palatini muscle elevates the soft palate during s smotherowing. The Longitudinal, tranverse and vertical muscles of the tongue. They help to change the shape of the tongue. 3. Muscle of guttural paries. The pharyngeal wall is formed by skeletal muscles and by fascia. Gaps between the muscles argon reinforced by the fascia and run routes for structures to pass through the wall. The muscles of the pharynx be organized into ii groups based on the orientation of muscle fibers.The constrictor muscles birth fibers oriented in a circular direction relative to the p haryngeal wall, whereas the longitudinal muscles have fibers oriented vertically. The tierce constrictor muscles on each side are major contributors to the structure of the pharyngeal wall and their names indicate their positionsuperior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles. Posteriorly, the muscles from each side are Joined together by the pharyngeal raphe. Anteriorly, these muscles attach to bones and ligaments related to the lateral margins of the nasal and oral cavities and the larynx.The constrictor muscles convergence each other in a fashion resembling the walls of cardinal f put down pots stacked one on the other. The inferior constrictors overlap the lower margins of the middle constrictors and, in the ame way, the middle constrictors overlap the superior constrictors. Collectively, the muscles constrict or narrow the pharyngeal cavity. When the constrictor muscles contract sequentially from top to bottom, as in sw go awaying, they move a bolus of food through the pha rynx and into the esophagus. All of the constrictors are home(a)vated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve X.The superior constrictor muscles together support the upper dampen of the pharyngeal cavity. Each muscle is machine-accessible anteriorly to the pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, and adjacent bone of he mandible. From these attachments , the muscle tans out posteriorly and Joins witn its partner muscle from the other side at the pharyngeal raphe. A superfluous band of muscle (the palatopharyngeal sphincter) originates from the anterolateral surface of the soft palate and circles the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall, operateing with the inner aspect of the superior constrictor.When the superior constrictor constricts during swallowing, it forms a prominent ridge on the deep aspect of the pharyngeal wall that catches the margin of the elevated soft palate, which then seals finisd the haryngeal isthmus between the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The middle constrictor muscles are connected to the lower aspect of the stylohyoid ligament, the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, and the entire upper surface of the great horn of the hyoid. Like the superior constrictors, the middle constrictor muscles fan out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe.The posterior part of the middle constrictors overlaps the superior constrictors. The inferior constrictor muscles attach anteriorly to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and ligament that spans between these two attachments to cartilage and crosses the cricothyroid muscle . Like the other constrictor muscles, the inferior constrictor muscles spread out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe. The posterior part of the inferior constrictors overlaps the middle constrictors.Inferiorly, the muscle fibers blend with and attach into the wall of the esophagus. The parts of the inferior constrictors attached to the cricoid cartilage bracket the narrowest pa rt of the pharyngeal cavity. Longitudinal muscles The three longitudinal muscles of the pharyngeal wall are named according to their riginsstylopharyngeus from the styloid process of the temporal bone, salpingopharyngeus from the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube (salpinx is Greek for tube), and palatopharyngeus from the soft palate.From their sites of origin, these muscles descend and attach into the pharyngeal wall. Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx The longitudinal muscles elevate the pharyngeal wall, or during swallowing, tweak the pharyngeal wall up and over a bolus of food being moved through the pharynx and into the esophagus. Stylopharyngeus The cylindrical stylopharyngeus muscle originates from the base of the medial urface of the styloid process of the temporal bone, descends between the superior and middle constrictor muscles to fan out on, and blend with, the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall.It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve 10. Salpingop haryngeus Salpingopharyngeus is a small muscle originating from the inferior aspect of the pharyngotympanic tube, descending on, and blending into the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. It is innervated by the vagus nerve X. Palatopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus , in addition to being a muscle of the pharynx, is also a muscle of the soft palate . It is attached to the upper surface of the palatine aponeurosis, and passes posteriorly and inferiorly to blend with the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall.Palatopharyngeus forms an important fold in the overlying mucosa (the palatopharyngeal arch). This arch is visible through the oral cavity and is a landmark for determination the palatine tonsil, which is immediately anterior to it on the oropharyngeal wall. The larynx, or voicebox, is an organ in the neck that plays a crucial role in speech and breathing. The larynx is the point at which t aerodigestive tract splits into two separate pathways the inspired air travels through he trachea, or windpipe, into the lungs, and swallowed food enters the esophagus and passes into the stomach.Because of its location, the larynx has three important functions control of the airflow during breathing protection of the airway production of sound for speech. The larynx consisted of a framework of cartilage with surrounding soft tissue. The or so prominent piece of cartilage is a simple structure called the thyroid cartilage. The anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage can be easily matte up in thin necks as the Adams apple. Superior to the larynx (sometimes considered part of the arynx itself) is a U-shaped bone called the hyoid.The hyoid bone supports the larynx from above and is itself attached to the mandible by muscles and tendons. These attachments are important in elevating the larynx during swallowing and speech. The lower part of the larynx consists of a circular piece of cartilage called the cricoid cartilage. This cartilage is shaped like a signet ring with the larg er portion of the ring in the back. Below the cricoid are the rings of the trachea. In the center of the larynx lie the blunt folds (also known as the vocal cords). The vocal folds are one of the most mportant parts of the larynx, as they play a key role in all three functions mentioned above.The vocal folds are made of muscles covered by a thin layer called mucosa. There is a right and left fold, forming a V when viewed from above. At the rear portion of each vocal fold is a small structure made of cartilage called the arytaenoid. Many small muscles, described below, are attached to the arytenoids. These muscles pull the arytenoids apart from each other during breathing, thereby opening the airway. During speech the arytenoids and therefore the vocal folds are brought close together. As the air passes by the vocal folds in this position, they open and close very quickly.The rapid metre of air passing through the vocal folds produces a sound that is then modified by the balance of the vocal tract to produce speech. This process is described in more detail in the paginate on vocal fold vibration. 4. Give the cartilage of larynx. Describe each. Laryngeal cartilages can refer to The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached. These allow and aid in the vocal cords movement. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped in form and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex.The cricoid cartilage or simply cricoid is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the attract of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. There are taste buds on the epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trache athat contains the larynx.It is placid of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal bulge. This prominence is often referred to as the pomus Adam or Adams apple. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult phallic than temale because ot 1200 in female. 5. Muscle of soft palate. Muscle Action levator veli palatini deglutition ne difference in the sizing ot the angle 900 in male and Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus tensor veli palatini mandibular nerve palatoglossus breathing palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae moves uvula

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay Example for Free

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay setoff of exclusively, I am grateful to every last(predicate) class members and our instructor for the experience that I was able to start during this course. This is a good example of experiential learning here we all had opportunities to transform our theoretical familiarity into authorized life experience. It really proved effective. I may also note that the last conclave engagement exercise did not disprove my previous hypotheses with time and the experience of joint field we all got more confident about the tasks, and with the raise of confidence our productivity increased. I think we all got to sock each other better and it increased the level of confidence. My hypothesis for this week is Group work gets real meaning and becomes more productive when group members bring in their personal insights and personal experiences instead of tight themselves to theorizing and relying on common sense. At first, we knew each other too litt le to be open and deal our personal experience.With time, we got to know each other better and gradually became more relaxed about sharing our thoughts. I think it had a positive impact on our performance. It helped to provide more examples of the concepts we presented. Our task was to discuss experiential learning and how it assists in exercising leadership and understanding group dynamics. We focused on several elect principles in our presentation, and each of us was able to vitalize theory by referring to specific examples.This level of openness was quite impossible during the first exercise. Personal insights helped us all better understand theory and render a more interesting presentation. In fact, this experience once again proves Principle 9 that we discussed in our presentation The more appurtenant, accepting, and caring the social environment, the freer a person is to experiment with new behaviors, attitudes, and action theories (Johnson Johnson, 2009, p. 51).Since all were open and ready to introduce a personal insight, we felt the environment to be rather supportive and accepting. As a result, we felt more confident and could communicate our thoughts freely. It provided greater value to our group work and helped to fulfill our task more successfully. References Johnson, D. W. , Johnson, F. P. (2009). Joining together Group theory and group skills. 10th ed. Boston, MA Allyn Bacon.

Process and Outcome Evaluations Essay Example for Free

cover and solvent Evaluations EssayA Process Evaluation is relatively used to supervise as well as document the planning, implementation, and interrelationship of the components of the proposed project are the focus of the litigate evaluation. The process evaluations main focus is to assist with the description of schedule interventions development, as well as its activities, also to go away quantitative and qualitative data on many services that are to be rendered and their effectiveness. A Process Evaluation is also responsible to document the acceptability of a specific political platform within the programs targeted community. An Outcome Evaluation is what is known to be based on the projects ecological systems social constructionist speculative orientations and its focus on the peer, family, individual, as well as school domains, the outcome evaluation will provide better understanding to some of the key evaluation questions and its effectiveness.Some examples of pr ocess evaluations are 1. A program that provides addiction recovery services to the communities children ask the clients and their parents to fill out survey forms to specify if the program was laboursaving for their family to help them to meet specific goals. 2. The children participating in sports work with their coaches to fill out questionnaires about the program services they receive. Examples of an outcome evaluation are1. The number of high school students that are graduating goes up later the school implements an after school program to assist children struggling with grades 2. The city was able to increase its funding to the school from $3,000 to 15,000 after implementation of the after school program showedimproved graduationReferencesYuen, F., Terao, K. (2003). Practical agree writing and program evaluation. . Pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.

Lesbians as Represented in Mainstream Television Essay Example for Free

sapphics as Represented in Mainstream Television EssayLesbian images devote been entering into mainstream media much and more. Some argue that this is a sign of a wider acceptance of sapphicism in Western culture. In this paper, two mainstream television programs, color ins Anatomy and Law and Order SVU, testament be looked at to assess the nature of lesbian images. It will be argued that if and when lesbians argon portrayed in mainstream television they atomic number 18 highly feminized, desexualized, and their lives are al to the highest degree ever so framed in paths that put up forward to heterocentric norms. Thus, mass media almost eternally fails to provide the viewer with an accurate and unbiased perception of lesbianism or gayness in a broader sense. colorizes Anatomy has emerged onto the lesbian panorama in the last couple up of years by developing Callie Torres, a beautiful, vivacious, Latino woman, into a lesbian in the fifth season. A friendship devel ops among her and Erica Hahn, a successful, sassy, and appealing newcomer, and it gradually progresses into roundthing more until finally the two share a caress.Before the romance can flourish, Torres wrestles with her sexuality, her fears, and her lack of understanding of lesbianism. Soon after the blood establishes itself, Hahn unexpectedly breaks up with Torres and leaves the show. Typical or is it? A season subsequent, genus Arizona Robbins, a semi-regular of the show, comes into focus when she blatantly hits on Torres. Shortly after, the two start to date and later find themselves in a perpetrate birth.The question is how good a job does the show do of accurately portraying lesbians? To start, all troika of the women menti stard above are attractive and powder-puff. All three have long flowing hair always nicely styled and maintained and pretty faces carefully done up with light make-up. This is what Ann Ciasullo refers to as sanitizing of the lesbian through with(p redicate) her feminizing (599). In other words, Greys Anatomy offers up an image of lesbians that is non too human being for the heterosexual person audience.While it could be argued that much(prenominal) representations help to combat the rigid stereotypes of lesbians as ugly, dyke feminists, the real widespread nature of the femme image in media indicates something more is going on (Tamsin). The book Out of Focus, suggests that much(prenominal) womanly representations act to lower the threat of lesbianism by reassuring viewers that such (beautiful and feminine) women can or must in reality be heterosexual (Kath Davies). In fact, in Greys Anatomy, as in m some(prenominal) television programs, the masculine lesbian is completely absent.All of this suggests that the lesbian chic of the 90s is farthermost from pulseless (Tamsin). Greys is well known for its scandalous call room sex prospects. Characters, heterosexual characters that is, outpouring to hidden corners of th e hospital where they argue, make up, and make cognize on a regular basis. This is interesting because such scenes are practically nonexistent amidst Torres and Hahn or later Torres and Robbins. In fact, physical contact of any kind is somewhat limited between Torres and Robbins. An example of this can be seen in Season quintette consequence 13 when Robbins patient dies during surgery.When she gets home to see Torres has planned a surprise birthday companionship for her she bursts into tears overcome by her grief. The pair leaves the room and at this point you would expect a comforting hug, a loving embrace, or a reassuring kiss on the cheek from any pretty intimate couple or from any other couple on the show for that matter, provided non in this case. Torres tells Robbins that she will explain the situation to their friends and at that Robbins leaves. Additionally, sex scenes between Torres and Robbins are few and far between those that exist are cut short by interruption o r non shown at all.The latter is evidenced in Season five episode 11 when the viewer is shown only the wash them lying in bed together, presumably after making love, eating pizza pie. It is a cute scene but non a sexual scene. This is a familiar pattern found in most television programs or movies featuring lesbian couples and just one way lesbians are desexualized (Ciasullo). A notable exclusion to this pattern is The L Word, but it will not be the focus of this paper. Since the beginning of their relationship Callie and Arizona have slept together three times.Three times in an entire season and for a relationship in its beginning stages is incredibly low by Greys standards (or anyones standards really). One of these scenes is the pizza scene previously mentioned. In another sex scene, Lexi Grey walks in on the two in the shower and quickly walks out the viewer sees what Lexi sees and vigor more. The final scene implies the two may have sex, but it is not pursued any further. Considering the show develops long, sensual sex scenes between its heterosexual characters, avocation them from start to finish, the unwillingness to do the same for its lesbian characters is problematic.This is not an isolated phenomenon. The pattern of desexualization is evident not just in television but also in movies as noted by Ciasullo and Yvonne Tasker in her book Working Girls (Ciasullo Tasker). Another problem with the depiction of Torres and Robbins relationship is that it is often framed by the heterosexual constructs of marriage and reproduction. Tasker discusses this issue noting that by explaining lesbianism within a heterosexual context the (heterosexual) audience is assured that lesbians are normal (by heterosexual standards) (Tasker).Such a practice adheres to conventional social norms while ignoring the differing reality of lesbians lives. After Torres father finally accepts her lesbianism his first question to her addresses the issue of marriage and children. S he assures him that she will put on a big white dress and dance down the aisle if Arizona wants to occur the rest of her life with her. Another example takes place in season six episode three, when Torres dialog about being married and having a house, kids and a pet dog with Robbins.This description perpetuates heterocentric beliefs that heterosexual activities and institutions are better than transgendered ones simply because it gives no thought to the possibility that things could be different within homosexual relationships. Furthermore, this effort to depict lesbian couples as normal by tying them to conventional social norms suggests that homosexual practices are not normal and as such fails to challenge heterocentrism. Law and Order Special Victims unit of measurement (SVU) is another show with some problematic representations.In over 11 seasons, it has aired a supply of five gay-centred storylines and one lesbian specific episode. This discrepancy seems to reflect the b ringing close together touched on in Out of Focus that coverage of homosexuality actually refers to gay men (Kath Davies 91). A recent episode entitled PC features Kathy wire-haired pointing griffon as Babs Duffy, a rude, abrasive, man-hating lesbian activist. First of all, the stereotyping evident in Griffins character is troublesome because it feeds into the negative view of lesbians. Visibility is important, but the cost of portraying lesbians in such a light is possibly greater than or as great as not showing them at all.Furthermore, this particular episode is strewn with negative or inaccurate images of lesbians. The episode begins with the discovery of a woman who has been left for dead in an abandoned building. She has been raped and beaten and later dies in the hospital. It is not too long before the viewer finds out from Babs Duffy that the victim was a lesbian. Duffy makes a dramatic delight into the detectives office ordering for the capture of the murderer whom she all eges is targeting lesbians. The investigation commences with a visit to the victim, now known as Alyssas, girlfriend.As the episode progresses, you notice something striking all the main lesbian characters are conventionally attractive, feminine women. More than that though, any lesbian character who is questioned and therefrom comes into the focus of the camera, is also feminine and pretty. The few butch lesbians in the episode are in the background and barely noticeable. The absence of the butch lesbian is telling. Ciasullo notes that without the manakin of the butch, the femmes lesbianism disappears (Ciasullo 599). Thus, by eliminating the butch lesbian from the forefront, Law and Order SVU effectively downplays the lesbianism of the episode.There is, however, one exception the victims girlfriend Sharon, but even here there are issues with her representation as a butch lesbian. The fact that the show chose to make her butch is interesting because they also make her a working class, aggressive, even violent, woman. This in effect vilifies the butch lesbian. Sharon even becomes the main suspect at one point because of her temper, and while it is important to shed light on the issue of domestic violence in lesbian relationships the choice to make Sharon, who is butch, into the abuser is not by accident.Ann Ciasullo talks about how presenting butch lesbians in this negative way makes butches into the oppressor, the bad lesbian (Ciasullo 600). Further still, her status as a bouncer (and thus as a member of the working class) adds to her mainstream undesirability (Ciasullo). Moreover, even though Sharon is presented as a butch or as Law and Order puts it an aggressive, she is simultaneously portrayed as somewhat feminine. In the first scene that we are introduced to Sharon, her long hair is pulled back into a loose ponytail and she wraps herself up in her long feminine sweater.She is not wearing any noticeable makeup but she is conventionally pretty. After t his initial knowledgeability she is likely not yet labelled as a butch by the viewer. It is not until later when she appears in a plaid shirt and leather jacket that it becomes evident that she is butch. It seems butch images are permitted as long as theyre not too butch and as long as the butch character is not framed in a positive way that could be make her desirable. mayhap the best example of how lesbians are desexualized in Law and Order is in a scene between Babs and Olivia Benson, the female nvestigator. In the initial taping of this scene Babs kisses Olivia, but the kiss doesnt make it last(prenominal) the cutting room floor. Even worse, the editing is atrocious. It cuts awkwardly from Babs leaning in to Olivia proclaiming that she is straight and something is noticeably missing. The kiss may not be necessary to the p plentitude, but to sacrifice quality in order to draw back it demonstrates how fearful the media are of lesbian sexuality. Further evidence lies in the fact that a kiss between Babs and Elliot Stabler (the male investigator) that happens at the end of the episode remains untouched.However, this revelation, that Babs isnt actually a lesbian, has a lot of problems on its own. The discovering that Babs has a boyfriend, plays on the I know shes a lesbian but scenario so often found in mainstream media. This idea presents the viewer with the possibility that the lesbian can always become straight or as Ciasullo puts it unbecome lesbian (Ciasullo 592). This places the heterosexual audience in a more comfortable position where they can entertain the idea that the attractive lesbians in the show may actually be straight. This issue comes up once again when the suspected murderer/rapist is in interrogation.Olivia pretends she is a lesbian in order to get a confession out of him Olivia You know how to correct us youve got everything you need to make me a real woman right between your legs Suspect and youd love it just like those other two vict ims did every moment of it While this scene may be laid out this way specifically to show the demented thinking of the rapist/murderer, the notion that a lesbian can be corrected or made straight as well the idea that rape victims enjoy being raped are never addressed and corrected. The audience is never certain about how inaccurate these views are.With all this said, the homosexual viewer tends to be somewhat accepting of the images in Greys and Law and Order, because as Clare Whatling puts it were the lesbian population so starved, we go see anything because something is better than nothing (86). Thus, because of the lack of representation, lesbians are more willing to accept inaccurate portrayals. This is troublesome because such images can potentially be detrimental to lesbians self perceptions and theyre all the more vulnerable because of the congener disparity of lesbianism in mainstream culture.In conclusion, lesbianism in mainstream television is poorly and inaccurately r epresented. While shows like Greys Anatomy and Law and Order SVU, have taken steps towards representing lesbians in mainstream media, we have to be careful to assess how big these steps really are. There are several issues with the representations of lesbians in these shows, some of which are addressed in this paper, others which have been left untouched. Thus, there is still a long way to go and many hurdles to surmount before lesbians can be done justice in mainstream media.